Acute respiratory distress syndrome

Area of Science:

• Critical Care Medicine
• Pulmonology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) presents significant challenges in treatment and research.
• High mortality rates persist despite ongoing research into new therapeutic modalities.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively review the pathophysiology, epidemiology, and current therapeutic strategies for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).
• To highlight the critical role of supportive care in managing ARDS patients and reducing mortality.

Main Methods:

• A systematic literature search was conducted using computerized databases.
• Included peer-reviewed primary literature and relevant review articles on ARDS pathophysiology, epidemiology, and supportive therapy.
• Both human and animal studies were considered, with a focus on recent intensive care unit treatment specifics.

Main Results:

• Development of novel ARDS treatments is hindered by consensus issues on definition and trial difficulties.
• Understanding ARDS pathophysiology and mortality risk factors is crucial for effective supportive therapy.
• Current pharmacologic agents show limited impact; supportive care remains the primary method to decrease mortality.

Conclusions:

• The mortality rate for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) remains high at 70%.
• Pharmacists can significantly contribute to patient outcomes through active participation in ARDS supportive therapy.
• Supportive care is the only current strategy proven to impact ARDS mortality.