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Published on: May 6, 2020
Low seroconversion with hepatitis B vaccination in peritoneal dialysis patients
Summary
Hepatitis B vaccine seroconversion is lower in peritoneal dialysis patients compared to hemodialysis patients. Older, heavier individuals showed reduced response in both groups, necessitating further research into these differences.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Immunology
- Vaccinology
Background:
- Chronic kidney disease patients require vaccination against hepatitis B.
- Dialysis modality may influence vaccine response.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare hepatitis B vaccine seroconversion rates between hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.
- To identify factors affecting vaccine response in dialysis patients.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective and prospective data collection from 1991-1995 at a university outpatient dialysis center.
- 47 PD and 50 HD adult patients received four doses of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (Engerix).
- Seroconversion was assessed post-vaccination series.
Main Results:
- Hemodialysis patients demonstrated a higher seroconversion rate (74%) compared to peritoneal dialysis patients (53%) (p=0.03).
- Older and heavier patients exhibited lower seroconversion rates in both HD (55% vs. 78%) and PD (38% vs. 59%) groups (p=0.03).
Conclusions:
- Peritoneal dialysis patients have a lower seroconversion rate to hepatitis B vaccine than hemodialysis patients.
- The reasons for this disparity require further investigation.
- Age and weight appear to be significant factors influencing vaccine response in dialysis patients.
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