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Speech-induced changes in corticospinal excitability

H Tokimura1, Y Tokimura, A Oliviero

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kagoshima, Japan.

Annals of Neurology
|October 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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Reading aloud speech significantly enhances corticospinal excitability in the dominant hand, suggesting lateralized brain effects. This finding offers a novel method for assessing cerebral dominance using transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Cerebral Dominance

Background:

  • The corticospinal pathway modulates motor control.
  • Understanding how cognitive tasks influence motor excitability is crucial.
  • Cerebral dominance for language is well-established, but its impact on motor pathways is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of speech production on corticospinal pathway excitability in human hand muscles.
  • To determine if these effects are lateralized to the dominant hemisphere.
  • To explore the potential of using these effects as a measure of cerebral dominance.

Main Methods:

  • Single transcranial magnetic stimuli (TMS) were applied over the motor cortex of healthy volunteers.
  • Electromyographic (EMG) responses were recorded from the first dorsal interosseous muscle during various speech tasks (reading aloud, silent reading, spontaneous speech, sound production).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Cortical and spinal excitability changes were assessed by analyzing EMG response amplitudes.

    • Main Results:

    • Reading aloud significantly increased corticospinal excitability in the dominant hand of all subjects.
    • The effect was less pronounced or absent in the non-dominant hand.
    • Spontaneous speech showed a trend towards increased excitability in both hands, while silent reading and sound production had no reliable effect.
    • Control measurements indicated changes in cortical, not spinal, excitability.

    Conclusions:

    • Speech production, specifically reading aloud, induces lateralized effects on corticospinal excitability.
    • This is the first demonstration of speech-induced lateralized effects on the excitability of cortical arm areas.
    • These findings suggest a novel, non-invasive method for assessing cerebral dominance using single-pulse TMS.