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[Improvement in the primary immunization scheme for children against whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus]

A A Sokhin, A I Kovalenko, V S Kucheriavenko

    Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, Epidemiologii I Immunobiologii
    |June 1, 1979
    PubMed

    Insights

    Experimental vaccination schedules for infants showed enhanced immunogenicity and protection against pertussis compared to the standard diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine. Reducing the pertussis antigen dose minimized vaccine reactions.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Vaccinology
    • Immunology
    • Infectious Disease Prevention

    Background:

    • Standard immunization schedules are crucial for controlling vaccine-preventable diseases in infants.
    • Evaluating alternative vaccine formulations and dosages is essential for optimizing efficacy and safety.
    • Pertussis (whooping cough) remains a significant public health concern, necessitating effective vaccination strategies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the reactogenic, immunogenic, and epidemiological efficacy of two experimental acellular combination diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (AKDC) vaccination schemes in infants under one year.
    • To assess the impact of reduced pertussis antigen dosage in the third vaccination dose on vaccine efficacy and safety.
    • To compare experimental schemes against the official pertussis, diphtheria, and tetanus immunization scheme.

    Main Methods:

    • Infants under one year were vaccinated according to two experimental schemes (AKDC-AKDC-K at 1 ml and 0.5 ml) and a control group received the official immunization scheme.
    • Reactogenicity was monitored by observing vaccine reactions.
    • Immunogenicity was assessed by measuring antibody responses.
    • Epidemiological efficacy was evaluated based on protective effects against pertussis.

    Main Results:

    • Experimental vaccination schemes demonstrated superior immunogenicity and a better protective effect against pertussis compared to the official scheme.
    • The AKDC-AKDC-K 1 ml scheme showed a higher incidence of vaccine reactions.
    • Reducing the pertussis antigen dose in the third vaccination to 0.5 ml significantly reduced vaccine reactions while maintaining efficacy.

    Conclusions:

    • Experimental vaccination schemes, particularly with a reduced pertussis antigen dose, offer enhanced immunogenicity and protective efficacy against pertussis in infants.
    • The modified AKDC-AKDC-K 0.5 ml scheme presents a favorable balance between efficacy and reduced reactogenicity.
    • Further research into optimized vaccine formulations can improve infant immunization outcomes and public health.

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