Pancreatitis. Evaluation and treatment

Acute and chronic pancreatitis present challenging problems for the physician. In acute pancreatitis, initial efforts should be directed toward supporting the patient hemodynamically. Recognition and early treatment of complications such as shock, renal failure, respiratory failure, hypocalcemia, abscess, hemorrhage, or unremitting symptoms caused by an impacted stone in the common bile duct are necessary. The cause of the pancreatitis must be identified, possibly for acute therapy, but certainly to prevent recurrences and progression of disease. In chronic pancreatitis, insufficiencies of pancreatic function must be identified and consequent malabsorption and diabetes treated appropriately. The major challenge is the relief of chronic pain. It is hoped that this can be accomplished medically, but in carefully selected cases, specific types of surgery may be required.