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Olfactory function in young adolescents with Down's syndrome

D A McKeown¹, R L Doty, D P Perl

¹Smell and Taste Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry

|October 1, 1996

Summary

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Young adolescents with Down syndrome do not show olfactory dysfunction. Olfactory loss in Down syndrome is linked to Alzheimer's disease-like pathology, not present in younger individuals.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Genetics
Developmental Biology

Background:

Adults with Down syndrome often experience decreased smell, linked to Alzheimer's disease-like brain pathology.
Olfactory dysfunction is a known symptom of Alzheimer's disease.
The presence of olfactory dysfunction in young adolescents with Down syndrome, prior to significant neuropathology, is unexamined.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate olfactory function in young adolescents with Down syndrome.
To determine if olfactory dysfunction is present in Down syndrome before Alzheimer's disease-like neuropathology develops.
To compare olfactory function across Down syndrome, mentally retarded, and non-mentally retarded control groups.

Main Methods:

Standardized tests for odour discrimination and identification were used.

Related Experiment Videos

Twenty young adolescents with Down syndrome (mean age 13.89 years) participated.

Participants were compared to matched control groups of 20 mentally retarded and 20 non-mentally retarded individuals.

Main Results:

No significant differences in olfactory function were observed among the three groups.
Young adolescents with Down syndrome did not exhibit olfactory dysfunction compared to controls.
Findings suggest olfactory loss is associated with the presence of Alzheimer's disease-like pathology.

Conclusions:

Down syndrome-related olfactory dysfunction is not evident in young adolescents.
Olfactory impairment in Down syndrome appears to be age-dependent and linked to neuropathological changes.
Further research should explore the progression of olfactory function in Down syndrome over time.