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Memory dysfunction in mild aphasics

J Rönnberg1, C Larsson, A Fogelsjöö

  • 1Department of Education and Psychology, Linköping University, Sweden.

Scandinavian Journal of Psychology
|March 1, 1996
PubMed
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Mild aphasia after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) impairs working and long-term memory, particularly the central executive functions. Patients often lack awareness of these verbal memory deficits.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) can lead to cognitive impairments, including aphasia.
  • Mild aphasia presents subtle language deficits, often missed by standard diagnostic criteria.
  • Understanding the specific memory deficits associated with mild aphasia is crucial for targeted rehabilitation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the verbal memory performance in individuals with mild aphasia post-SAH.
  • To compare memory functions between mild aphasic patients, SAH controls without aphasia, and healthy controls.
  • To explore the relationship between working memory executive functions and memory impairments in mild aphasia.

Main Methods:

  • A neuropsychological test battery assessed various verbal memory components.

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  • Three groups were compared: mild aphasics (n=9), SAH controls, and healthy controls, matched for age, sex, and education.
  • Aphasia was characterized by fluent speech, intact comprehension/repetition, but phonemic/semantic paraphasias and occasional alexia/agraphia.

    • Main Results:

    • Mild aphasics showed impaired short-term memory, specifically in the phonological loop and central executive of working memory.
    • Long-term memory was generally impaired, though learning and forgetting via subject-performed tasks were within normal limits.
    • Patients were unaware of their memory deficits, and standard aphasia classifications did not fully capture these memory issues.

    Conclusions:

    • Mild aphasia following SAH is associated with significant verbal memory impairments, particularly affecting working memory executive functions.
    • These memory deficits may stem from inefficient generation of semantic and phonological codes.
    • Current aphasia diagnostic tools may underestimate the cognitive impact, especially memory-related challenges, in mild cases.