Toxicant-induced alterations in two-dimensional electrophoretic patterns of hepatic and renal stress proteins

Recent studies in this laboratory and by others suggest that two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of proteins (2-DE) possesses significant utility in the detection of chemical toxicity and in providing information regarding toxic mechanism. After having identified a set of specific heat-shock and glucose-regulated proteins whose expression in rodent liver and kidney is highly conserved and constitutive, we compared the effect of in vivo exposure to perfluoro-n-octanoic acid and perfluoro-n-decanoic acid on their expression. The following stress proteins were identified, their x, y coordinate positions mapped, and abundance statistically analyzed and compared: hsp32, hsp60, hsc70, hsp70, hsp90, grp75, grp94, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), and ER60. We report here that the stress response to perfluorocarboxylic acids is tissue-, toxicant-, and stress protein class-specific and dose-related. Furthermore, because nearly all of the proteins studied were constitutively expressed at detectable levels in both liver and kidney, the 2-DE stress protein pattern may be suitable to future toxicologic screening applications.