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Related Experiment Videos

Dysarthria and lacunar stroke: pathophysiologic aspects

P P Urban1, H C Hopf, P G Zorowka

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Mainz, Germany.

Neurology
|November 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Lacunar stroke can cause dysarthria by damaging speech pathways. This study found that impaired corticolingual (corticobulbar) pathways to the tongue are crucial for developing this speech disorder after stroke.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Speech Pathology

Background:

  • Dysarthria is a common motor speech disorder resulting from neurological damage.
  • Lacunar strokes, small infarcts in deep brain structures, can affect speech production.
  • Understanding the specific supranuclear tracts involved is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the supranuclear tracts involved in speech production in patients with dysarthria following a single lacunar stroke.
  • To identify the precise lesion sites and affected neural pathways.
  • To determine the relationship between specific tract impairments and the severity of dysarthria.

Main Methods:

  • Studied 8 patients with dysarthria and single lacunar stroke.
  • Utilized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify lesion locations.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Employed transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to assess corticobulbar tract function (corticolingual and corticofacial projections).
  • Performed 99mTc hexamethyl-propylene amine oxime-single-photon emission computerized tomography (HMPAO-SPECT) imaging in some patients.

    • Main Results:

    • MRI identified lesion sites in 7 of 8 patients.
    • All patients showed impaired corticolingual projections via TMS.
    • Five patients exhibited impaired corticofacial projections.
    • One patient had impaired oral sensory function.
    • One patient showed cerebellar diaschisis on HMPAO-SPECT, suggesting cerebropontocerebellar tract involvement.
    • Dysarthria severity was similar across patients, regardless of sensory or cerebellar findings.

    Conclusions:

    • Interruption of corticolingual pathways to the tongue is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of dysarthria after extracerebellar lacunar stroke.
    • Corticobulbar tract integrity, particularly corticolingual projections, is essential for normal speech production.
    • Lacunar strokes affecting these pathways can lead to significant speech impairments.