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Selenium metabolism and bioavailability

L A Daniels1

  • 1Department Paediatrics, Flinders University South Australia, Bedford Park.

Biological Trace Element Research
|September 1, 1996
PubMed
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Selenium (Se) is an essential yet toxic nutrient. This review details the absorption, transport, metabolism, storage, and excretion of various selenium forms, crucial for understanding its biological role.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Nutritional Science
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element with dual roles as a nutrient and toxin.
  • Its biological functions are primarily mediated by selenoproteins, incorporating selenocysteine (Se-cys).
  • Selenium exists in inorganic and organic forms, with varying metabolic fates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the bioavailability of different selenium forms.
  • To elucidate the absorption, transport, metabolism, storage, and excretion pathways of selenium.
  • To highlight the significance of selenium's chemical form in its biological impact.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on selenium bioavailability.
  • Analysis of metabolic pathways for inorganic and organic selenium compounds.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Examination of selenium's incorporation into selenoproteins and other proteins.

    • Main Results:

    • Selenium's metabolic fate is highly dependent on its ingested form (inorganic vs. organic) and the individual's selenium status.
    • Selenomethionine (Se-meth), a major food form, is non-specifically incorporated into proteins due to its similarity to methionine.
    • Endogenous synthesis of selenocysteine (Se-cys) involves unique genetic encoding and tRNA machinery.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding selenium bioavailability is critical for managing its essential and toxic effects.
    • The distinct metabolic pathways for different selenium forms influence their biological activity and potential toxicity.
    • Further research into selenium metabolism can inform nutritional guidelines and therapeutic strategies.