Apparatus for studying behavior and learning in restrained rats

A new treadmill/stand apparatus for a rat is described. It will be useful in behavioral experiments when control of the animal's position in the training chamber is required while considerable freedom of movement, including locomotion, is desired. The position and distance relative to sources of stimuli are thus kept constant. The speed and the distance of ambulation are easily monitored. The rats are sufficiently restrained to enable easy recording of various measures such as EKG, EMG or EEG, etc. Classical and instrumental conditioning procedures are easily implemented. An example of the data from acquisition training during Pavlovian conditioning is shown (diaphragm EMG, heart rate (HR), locomotion and vocalization).