[2-stage determination of rhesus classification]

Area of Science:

• Transfusion Medicine
• Immunology
• Genetics

Background:

• Accurate RhD blood group typing is critical for safe blood transfusions.
• Partial D antigen variants can lead to alloimmunization and transfusion reactions.
• Current typing methods may not always detect all partial D variants.

Purpose of the Study:

• To introduce a new two-stage method for improved Rhesus (RhD) blood typing.
• To enhance the identification of partial D antigen, specifically category VI.
• To guide donor and recipient qualification for RhD-incompatible transfusions.

Main Methods:

• A two-stage serological approach utilizing IgM monoclonal anti-D (anti-D-super) in the first stage.
• The second stage employs standard RhO(D) reagents or a gelatin test with IgG monoclonal anti-D antibodies.
• Analysis of results: negative at stage 1 and positive at stage 2 indicates partial D.

Main Results:

• The proposed method effectively identifies partial D antigen, particularly category VI.
• A negative result with anti-D-super followed by a positive result with standard reagents or gelatin test signifies partial D.
• This aids in correctly classifying individuals with partial D.

Conclusions:

• The two-stage method offers a reliable approach for Rhesus (RhD) typing, including partial D detection.
• Individuals with partial D are recommended as Rhesus-positive donors and Rhesus-negative recipients.
• This improves transfusion safety by accurately identifying RhD status.