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Anaerobic bacteremia

E J Goldstein1

  • 1R. M. Alden Research Laboratory, Santa Monica-UCLA Medical Center, USA.

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|December 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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Anaerobic bacteremia, an infection in the bloodstream, is less common than previously thought, affecting about 4% of patients. Bacteroides fragilis is the most frequent cause, linked to higher mortality and longer hospital stays.

Area of Science:

  • Clinical microbiology
  • Infectious diseases
  • Epidemiology of bacteremia

Background:

  • Early studies indicated anaerobes comprised 20% of bacteremias.
  • Recent data suggest anaerobes account for approximately 4% of bacteremias, varying by location, demographics, and age.
  • Elderly individuals are at higher risk, while young children (2-5 years) are at the lowest risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To update the understanding of the prevalence and impact of anaerobic bacteremia.
  • To identify common causative agents and associated risk factors for mortality.
  • To inform clinical practices regarding blood culture methods.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of bacteremia data.
  • Identification and characterization of anaerobic isolates from blood cultures.

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  • Statistical analysis of prevalence, mortality rates, and risk factors.

    • Main Results:

    • Anaerobic bacteremia prevalence is approximately 4% (range 0.5%-9%), or 1 per 1,000 admissions.
    • Bacteroides fragilis is the most common isolate (approx. 55% of anaerobic bacteremias).
    • B. fragilis bacteremia is associated with 19% mortality, increased mortality risk (3.2), longer hospital stays (16 days), and intra-abdominal disease.

    Conclusions:

    • Anaerobic bacteremia is less prevalent than previously estimated.
    • Bacteroides fragilis is a significant pathogen associated with poor outcomes.
    • Performing separate anaerobic blood cultures is valuable; local prevalence data should guide institutional practices.