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Growth cone dynamics and activity-dependent processes in neuronal network development

J van Pelt1, A van Ooyen, M A Corner

  • 1Graduate School Neurosciences Amsterdam, Netherlands Institute for Brain Research, The Netherlands.

Progress in Brain Research
|January 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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Neuronal network development relies on growth cone dynamics and activity-dependent regulation. Mathematical models reveal how bioelectric activity shapes neuromorphogenesis and cell differentiation during early development.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Neuronal network structure and function originate from growth cone dynamics during development.
  • Dendritic morphology variations stem from random growth cone branching and propagation.
  • Activity-dependent neurite outgrowth, guided by homeostatic principles, influences neuronal development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the implications of activity-dependent neurite outgrowth on neuromorphogenesis and network formation.
  • To explore how homeostatic principles in neuronal activity shape developmental processes.
  • To understand the role of bioelectric activity in differentiating neuronal subtypes and network organization.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an outgrowth function based on Kater et al.'s theory of activity-dependent neurite outgrowth.

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  • Employed mathematical modeling to analyze the dynamics of neurite outgrowth and its consequences.
  • Examined physiological and morphological variables in function-dependent regulation of neuronal development.

    • Main Results:

    • Homeostasis of bioelectric activity influences neuromorphogenesis, leading to phenomena like overshoot and cell size differences.
    • Activity-dependent regulation of ionic conductances differentiates neurons into bursting and regular firing sub-types.
    • Sufficient excitatory activity during development is crucial for GABAergic phenotype expression and compensatory hypertrophy of inhibitory mechanisms.

    Conclusions:

    • Spontaneous bioelectric activity during early development is critical for neuronal network formation.
    • Activity-dependent regulation plays a significant role in shaping neuronal structure, function, and network properties.
    • Mathematical models provide essential tools for analyzing complex developmental processes in neuronal networks.