Immunochemical localization of chromaffin cells during the embryogenic migration

Adrenal medulla together with the sympathetic nervous system constitute an anatomo functional unit. Both tissues derive from precursor cells which originate from the neural crest and later differentiate during migration into sympathetic neurons or chromaffin cells. Biosynthesis enzymes of catecholamines such as DBH (dopamine beta hydroxylase) and PNMT (phenylethanol amine-N-methyl transferase) as well as the neurotransmitter serotonin , can be detected by immunohistochemical techniques from 15 to 20 prenatal days. Cells migrating along the dorsal aorta could be observed at 15 prenatal days. From day 16 on, three distinct cellular groups could be distinguished according to the intensity of the immunoreactivity: chromaffin, paraganglion and sympathetic ganglion cells. From day 18, chromaffin cells immunostained as DBH' PNMT+ or DBH+ PNMT could be detected differentiating into what would be adrenergic or noradrenergic cells, respectively Progenitor cells migrating from the neural crest to the adrenal cortical blastema reach a micro-environment where glucocorticoids could possibly influence gene expression for PNMT in some of these undifferentiated cells, causing adrenaline synthesis. Serotonin(5HT) immunoreactivity is localized from 17 prenatal days in several groups of the paraganglionic cells where they could be a modulator for chromaffin differentiation.