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Targeted gene disruption shows that knobs enable malaria-infected red cells to cytoadhere under physiological shear
B S Crabb1, B M Cooke, J C Reeder
1The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.
Knob structures on Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes are essential for their adherence to blood vessels. Disrupting the knob-associated histidine-rich protein (KAHRP) gene prevents knob formation and alters cell adhesion dynamics.
Area of Science:
- Malariology
- Cell Biology
- Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Knobs on Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes are hypothesized to mediate adherence to vascular endothelium.
- These knobs contain knob-associated histidine-rich protein (KAHRP) and P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of KAHRP in knob formation and infected erythrocyte adherence.
- To determine the impact of knob disruption on Plasmodium falciparum cytoadherence under physiological flow conditions.
Main Methods:
- Gene disruption of KAHRP in Plasmodium falciparum.
- Static adherence assays of knob-transfectant erythrocytes to CD36.
- Flow-based adherence assays mimicking microvascular conditions.
Main Results:
- Disruption of the KAHRP gene was essential for knob formation.
- Knob-transfectants showed adherence to CD36 in static assays.
- Adherence to CD36 was significantly reduced under flow conditions, suggesting a role for knobs in microvascular endothelium interaction.
Conclusions:
- Knobs on infected erythrocytes are critical for their adherence to the microvascular endothelium.
- KAHRP is essential for knob formation and influences the cytoadherence properties of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes.
- These findings highlight the importance of knobs in the pathogenesis of severe malaria.
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