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An update on human Th1 and Th2 cells

S Romagnani1, P Parronchi, M M D'Elios

  • 1Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Institute of Internal Medicine and Immunoallergology, University of Florence, Italy.

International Archives of Allergy and Immunology
|May 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
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Human T cell responses are functionally polarized into Th1 and Th2 types, each with distinct cytokine profiles and roles in immunity and disease. Understanding these polarized T cell pathways is crucial for immune system research.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Human T cell responses exhibit functional polarization into distinct CD4+ T helper (Th) and CD8+ T cytotoxic cell subsets.
  • These polarized subsets, Th1 and Th2, differ in cytokine secretion, functional properties, and marker expression (e.g., LAG-3 for Th1, CD30 for Th2).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the factors influencing T helper cell differentiation into polarized Th1 or Th2 pathways.
  • To highlight the distinct protective roles and immunopathological implications of Th1 and Th2 responses.

Main Methods:

  • The study establishes the existence of polarized human T cell responses.
  • It reviews factors governing Th cell differentiation, including cytokine profiles, peptide ligands, costimulatory molecules, hormones, and host genetics.

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Main Results:

  • Th1 responses are effective against intracellular pathogens and implicated in autoimmune disorders and allograft rejection.
  • Th2 responses are protective against intestinal nematodes and associated with conditions like Omenn's syndrome, transplantation tolerance, and atopic disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Polarized Th1 and Th2 cell-mediated immune responses have differential roles in host defense and disease pathogenesis.
  • Understanding these distinct pathways is critical for addressing various immune-related conditions.