Diagnosis and treatment of renal hydatid disease: presentation of four cases

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Transient Transduction of the Strobilated Forms of Echinococcus granulosus
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K Baykal1, Y Onol, C Işeri

  • 1Department of Urology, GATA Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

International Journal of Urology : Official Journal of the Japanese Urological Association
|November 1, 1996
PubMed

Insights

Hydatid cystic disease of the kidney is rare, often requiring surgery. Imaging like CT scans is crucial for diagnosis, as serological tests and eosinophilia are unreliable for this parasitic infection.

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Hydatid disease, caused by Echinococcus tapeworms, rarely affects the urinary tract (1-2% of cases).
  • Renal hydatidosis presents as cystic lesions within the kidney, posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

Observation:

  • This study reports on 4 patients with renal hydatid disease.
  • Diagnostic challenges included unreliable Casoni's intradermal and indirect hemagglutination (IHA) tests, and insignificant eosinophilia.
  • Ultrasonography showed mixed echogenicity, while computerized tomography (CT) revealed multivesicular cysts with mixed density.

Findings:

  • Computerized tomography (CT) proved to be the most specific and useful diagnostic investigation for renal hydatid cysts.
  • Surgical management varied: nephrectomy for extensive parenchymal destruction and cystectomy for preserving renal function.
  • No immediate complications were observed in the 3 months post-surgery for cystectomy patients.

Implications:

  • Hydatid disease must be considered in the differential diagnosis of renal space-occupying lesions, especially in endemic areas.
  • Parenchyma-sparing surgical techniques like cystectomy are preferred when feasible to maintain renal function.
  • Accurate imaging, particularly CT, is vital for diagnosing and guiding the management of renal hydatidosis.

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