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Toxic nephropathies
1Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital, Buffalo, NY 14222, USA.
Abstract:
A variety of medications can adversely affect the kidney. Awareness of these potential nephrotoxic effects is crucial to prevention of serious sequelae. This review discusses renal injury caused by the chemotherapeutic agent ifosfamide, the problem of analgesic nephropathy, and the newly identified complication of trimethoprim-induced hyperkalemia. In addition, recent information about the classic nephrotoxins (cisplatin, amphotericin B, and aminoglycosides) is presented.
Insights
This review highlights how medications like ifosfamide and cisplatin can harm kidneys. Understanding drug-induced kidney injury, including analgesic nephropathy and trimethoprim-induced hyperkalemia, is vital for prevention.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Pharmacology
- Toxicology
Background:
- Medications can cause adverse kidney effects, leading to serious health issues.
- Awareness of nephrotoxic potential is critical for patient safety and effective treatment.
- Several drug classes are known to induce kidney injury.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review renal injury associated with specific medications.
- To discuss the mechanisms and clinical implications of drug-induced nephrotoxicity.
- To provide updated information on known and emerging nephrotoxic agents.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of nephrotoxic medications.
- Analysis of case studies and clinical data.
- Synthesis of recent research on drug-induced kidney damage.
Main Results:
- Ifosfamide is identified as a nephrotoxic chemotherapeutic agent.
- Analgesic nephropathy remains a significant clinical problem.
- Trimethoprim is associated with hyperkalemia, a newly recognized complication.
- Classic nephrotoxins like cisplatin, amphotericin B, and aminoglycosides are also discussed.
Conclusions:
- Understanding drug nephrotoxicity is essential for preventing kidney damage.
- Clinicians must be aware of the renal risks associated with various medications.
- Continued research is needed to identify and manage drug-induced kidney injury.