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Saliva and marathon running

G Ljungberg1, T Ericson, B Ekblom

  • 1Department of Cariology, Faculty of Odontology, Göteborg University, Sweden.

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
|August 1, 1997
PubMed
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Strenuous prolonged exercise like a marathon significantly alters saliva composition, increasing concentrations of key electrolytes and proteins. Most salivary changes returned to baseline after one hour of rest, indicating rapid physiological recovery.

Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Biochemistry
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • Prolonged strenuous exercise can induce physiological stress.
  • Saliva composition reflects systemic physiological changes.
  • Understanding salivary alterations aids in monitoring athlete well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in saliva composition and secretion rates.
  • To analyze saliva before, immediately after, and 1 hour post-marathon.
  • To assess the recovery of salivary parameters after prolonged exercise.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 20 trained marathon runners (17 male, 3 female).
  • Collected saliva samples: pre-race, immediately post-race, and 1 hour post-race.
  • Analyzed stimulated whole saliva, resting whole saliva, and stimulated parotid saliva for various biochemical markers.

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Main Results:

  • Decreased salivary secretion rates observed post-marathon.
  • Elevated concentrations of chloride, phosphate, potassium, amylase, hexosamine, sialic acid, and salivary peroxidase post-race.
  • Increased total protein concentration in all saliva types.
  • Most salivary markers returned to baseline within 1 hour, but sodium, calcium, phosphate, salivary peroxidase, amylase, and salivary IgA remained elevated.

Conclusions:

  • Marathon running causes significant acute changes in saliva composition and secretion.
  • Saliva serves as a valuable non-invasive biomarker for exercise-induced physiological stress.
  • While most salivary parameters recover quickly, some indicators suggest sustained physiological impact 1 hour post-exercise.