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Morphogens and pattern formation

C Neumann1, S Cohen

  • 1European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.

Bioessays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology
|August 1, 1997
PubMed
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Morphogens, signaling proteins controlling development, are crucial for multicellular organisms. Recent studies on Activin, Wingless, and Dpp provide strong evidence for their morphogenetic roles.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Signaling
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Morphogen gradient theories are popular but lack conclusive evidence.
  • Identifying morphogens requires demonstrating direct, concentration-dependent effects on target cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the evidence for proposed morphogens controlling multicellular development.
  • To assess the role of specific signaling proteins as morphogens.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature on morphogen candidates.
  • Analysis of evidence for direct and concentration-dependent effects of signaling proteins on development.

Main Results:

  • Conclusive evidence for morphogens has been elusive.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Strong evidence suggests Activin (Xenopus), Wingless, and Dpp (Drosophila) function as morphogens.
  • Most proposed morphogens lack conclusive supporting data.

    • Conclusions:

    • Activin, Wingless, and Dpp show strong potential as morphogens.
    • Morphogens are likely of significant importance in controlling multicellular development.
    • Further research is needed to definitively establish morphogen roles in many cases.