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Smoking, smoking cessation, and tooth loss
E A Krall1, B Dawson-Hughes, A J Garvey
1Boston University, Goldman School of Dental Medicine, MA 02118, USA.
Journal of Dental Research
|November 5, 1997
Summary
Quitting smoking significantly reduces tooth loss risk, but it may take decades to reach non-smoker levels. Current smokers face a higher risk of tooth loss and edentulism compared to former or never smokers.
Area of Science:
- Dental Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Oral Health Research
Background:
- Smoking is a known risk factor for tooth loss.
- The impact of smoking cessation on tooth loss rates requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine tooth loss rates based on smoking status in men and women.
- To evaluate the effect of smoking cessation on tooth loss and edentulism in men.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional analysis of 584 women and 1231 men regarding smoking status and tooth loss.
- Prospective follow-up of 248 women and 977 men to assess tooth loss over time.
- Evaluation of clinical parameters like calculus, plaque, and probing depths in relation to smoking history.
Main Results:
- Current smokers had significantly more missing teeth than never-smokers or former smokers.
- Continuing cigarette smoking increased tooth loss risk 2.4-3.5 fold; risk reduced after cessation but remained higher than non-smokers.
- Men who smoked had a 4.5-fold increased risk of edentulism, which decreased upon smoking cessation.
Conclusions:
- Cigarette smoking significantly elevates the risk of tooth loss and edentulism.
- Smoking cessation improves tooth retention but full normalization of tooth loss rates may take decades.
- Public health initiatives encouraging smoking cessation are crucial for preserving oral health.