[Vasovagal syncope]

Vasovagal syncope, also called neurocardiogenic syncope, is common with younger people. It results from an inappropriate, excessive autonomic reflex activity. In the elderly patient the syncope may be provoked by massage of the carotid bodies and is then known as carotid sinus syndrome. The pathogenesis of neurocardiogenic syncope is debated. Sudden vasodilation and/or bradycardia have been attributed to the activation of ventricular mechanoreceptors. The use of betablockers is based on this hypothesis. Head-up tilting at 60 degrees is helpful in the evaluation of syncope. In the therapy of recurrent vasovagal syncope, a thorough information of the patient and an adaptation of behaviour are often successful. Some authors have reported goods results with betablockade, etilefrin or mineralocorticoids. The patient with repeated severe syncopal attacks and asystole may benefit from an implantable DDD pacemaker.