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Verbal-overshadowing effect: evidence for a general shift in processing

D L Westerman1, J D Larsen

  • 1Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. dlw5@po.cwru.edu

The American Journal of Psychology
|October 27, 1997
PubMed
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Verbalizing about a face impairs later recognition, even if the description is of a different object. This suggests the verbal-overshadowing effect is a general shift in face recognition processes, not stimulus-specific.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Memory Research
  • Perception Studies

Background:

  • The verbal-overshadowing effect describes how verbalizing information can impair subsequent memory recall.
  • Previous research (Schooler & Engstler-Schooler, 1990) established this phenomenon, particularly for certain stimuli.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the underlying mechanisms of the verbal-overshadowing effect.
  • To determine if the effect is specific to the described stimulus or a more general processing shift.
  • To examine the stimulus-specificity of verbal overshadowing.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted to test the verbal-overshadowing effect.
  • Participants engaged in face-recognition tasks.
  • In some conditions, participants provided verbal descriptions of objects (e.g., a car) unrelated to the target face.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • Recognition performance for faces was impaired even when participants described a different object.
  • The verbal-overshadowing effect was observed for faces but not for cars.
  • This indicates a general shift in face recognition processes rather than a specific impairment.

Conclusions:

  • The verbal-overshadowing effect appears to involve a general shift in cognitive processes during face recognition.
  • The impairing effect of verbalization is stimulus-dependent, affecting faces more than cars.