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Prostate-specific antigen in serum during the menstrual cycle

N Zarghami¹, L Grass, E R Sauter

¹Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Clinical Chemistry

|October 28, 1997

Summary

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in healthy women

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Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Reproductive Biology
Oncology Biomarkers

Background:

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) expression in the female breast is known to be influenced by steroid hormones.
Previous research established a link between steroid hormones, their receptors, and PSA expression in breast tissue.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the fluctuations of serum PSA concentrations throughout the menstrual cycle in healthy women.
To determine the relationship between serum PSA levels and key reproductive hormones during the menstrual cycle.

Main Methods:

Serum PSA levels were monitored across the menstrual cycle in 14 healthy women.
Hormonal assays were performed to measure lutropin (LH), follitropin (FSH), estradiol, and progesterone.
Breast carcinoma cell lines (T-47D) were used in vitro to assess the effects of serum and hormones on PSA mRNA and protein expression.

Main Results:

Serum PSA concentrations peaked in the mid- to late follicular phase and decreased to a minimum in the mid- to late luteal phase.
PSA level changes did not correlate with LH, FSH, or estradiol, but showed a delayed correlation with progesterone peaks (10-12 days).
Luteal phase sera and progesterone alone upregulated PSA mRNA and protein in T-47D breast cancer cells.

Conclusions:

Serum PSA concentrations exhibit cyclical changes during the menstrual cycle, influenced by progesterone.
Progesterone appears to be a key regulator of PSA production in breast tissue, suggesting cyclical PSA production.
These findings contribute to understanding the hormonal regulation of PSA in women.

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