Values and preferences are not necessarily the same
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Updated: Oct 31, 2026

A Standardized Protocol for Preference Testing to Assess Fish Welfare
Published on: February 22, 2020
1Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation, University of Sydney, Australia.
Abstract:
Economic theory typically draws no distinction between preferences and values, assumes that preferences are stable and complete and that all that need be done to elicit them is to ask the right question in the right way. It is argued here that values for some fundamental aspects of life, such as health, are not the same as preferences. The former are less differentiated and require construction and clarification before they can be elicited. The implications of this for health state valuation are discussed.
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P-value
P-value stands for the probability value. P-value is the probability that, if the null hypothesis is true, the results from another randomly selected sample will be as extreme or more extreme as the results obtained from the given sample.
A large P-value calculated from the data indicates to not reject the null hypothesis. But a higher P-value does not mean that the null hypothesis is true. The smaller the P-value, the more unlikely...

