[Atopic dermatitis]

Nowadays about 15% of a birth cohort develops atopic dermatitis of varying severity, while only about 3% were affected in the sixties. The pathogenesis of the disease is multifactorial, based on genetic (polygenic inheritance) and environmental factors, the latter presumably accounting for the rising incidence. Several genes of importance for the immune pathogenesis of atopic diseases, including atopic dermatitis, have been identified. Exogenous factors, for instance air humidity and colonization of the skin with Staphylococcus aureus and Pityrosporum ovale are also important in the pathogenesis. Specific allergies, for instance dust mite allergy and food allergy, may be contributory causes. Treatment is directed against the dry skin, the eczematous reaction, skin infections and potential, specific allergies. Information given to patients and parents through "eczema schools" might be an important part of therapy with focus on atopic diseases, treatment strategy and prevention.