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Non-Fourier encoding with multiple spin echoes

L P Panych1, R V Mulkern, P Saiviroonporn

  • 1Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|December 24, 1997
PubMed
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Multiple spin-echo sequences for non-Fourier encoding can create mirror image ghosts due to imperfect pulses. Conjugate symmetric RF pulse matrices avoid these artifacts, enabling successful brain imaging with RARE sequences.

Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • Signal Processing in MRI

Background:

  • Multiple spin-echo sequences are used in MRI for advanced imaging.
  • Non-Fourier encoding offers potential benefits but faces challenges with artifacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the advantages and limitations of multiple spin-echo sequences for non-Fourier encoding.
  • To analyze complications arising from imperfect refocusing pulses in magnetization pathway encoding.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of encoding RF pulse matrix properties (real-valued vs. conjugate symmetric).
  • Investigation of artifact generation mechanisms, specifically mirror image ghosts.
  • Implementation of a Rapid Acquisition Relaxation Enhancement (RARE) sequence for non-Fourier encoding.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • Real-valued RF pulse matrices lead to mirror image ghost artifacts.
  • Conjugate symmetric RF pulse matrices eliminate mirror ghosts by ensuring real-valued spatial profiles.
  • Non-Fourier encoding using wavelet and Hadamard bases avoids mirror ghost artifacts.

Conclusions:

  • Proper design of RF pulse matrices is crucial for artifact-free non-Fourier encoding in MRI.
  • Conjugate symmetric matrices provide a method to avoid mirror image ghosts.
  • Non-Fourier encoding with RARE sequences is feasible and effective for clinical brain imaging.