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Emotion and aging: experience, expression, and control

J J Gross1, L L Carstensen, M Pasupathi

  • 1Department of Psychology, Stanford University, California 94305-2130, USA. james@psych.stanford.edu

Psychology and Aging
|January 7, 1998
PubMed
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Older adults experience fewer negative emotions and have better emotional control, suggesting improved emotion regulation with age. This study explored age-related emotional changes across diverse populations.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Gerontology
  • Affective Science

Background:

  • Understanding age-related emotional changes is crucial for gerontology and mental health.
  • Previous research indicates potential shifts in emotional experience and regulation across the lifespan.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age differences in emotional experience, expression, and control.
  • To examine emotional regulation competence across the adult lifespan.

Main Methods:

  • Four studies were conducted with diverse community samples (African Americans, European Americans, Chinese Americans, Norwegians) and a sample of American nuns.
  • Participants' ages ranged from 19 to 101 years.
  • Data collected across studies assessed emotional experience, expression, and control.

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Main Results:

  • Older participants consistently reported fewer negative emotional experiences compared to younger individuals.
  • Greater emotional control was reported by older participants across all studies.
  • Emotional expressivity showed less consistent age differences, with older adults reporting lower expressivity when differences were observed.

Conclusions:

  • Findings suggest a pattern of increasingly competent emotion regulation with advancing age.
  • Age-related improvements in managing negative emotions and enhancing emotional control are indicated.
  • The study highlights the adaptive nature of emotional regulation throughout the life span.