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Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in neonates
G Trittenwein1, G Fürst, J Golej
1Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, University Hospital of Children, Wien, Austria.
Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. Supplementum
|January 1, 1997
Summary
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) use for neonatal respiratory failure is declining, but its application for circulatory support is increasing. Advances in technology enable survival in critical cases, highlighting ECMO's evolving role in neonatal care.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal intensive care
- Pediatric cardiology
- Cardiopulmonary support
Background:
- Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was initially for respiratory failure in neonates.
- Its use for neonatal respiratory failure has decreased.
- A consistent need for neonatal ECMO persists.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the changing indications and outcomes of neonatal ECMO.
- To highlight the increasing use of ECMO for circulatory support.
- To discuss technological advancements in neonatal ECMO.
Main Methods:
- Review of institutional experience with 80 ECMO cases for circulatory failure.
- Comprehensive literature review on neonatal ECMO.
Main Results:
- ECMO use for neonatal circulatory failure is rising, contrasting with declining respiratory applications.
- Key indications include neonatal sepsis, cardiac failure, and congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
- Technological improvements (e.g., nonocclusive pumps, portable devices) enhance survival in severe hemodynamic conditions.
- Neurological impairment post-ECMO, especially after hypoxia, requires further investigation and prevention.
Conclusions:
- ECMO remains a vital tool in neonatal and pediatric intensive care.
- Indications for ECMO have shifted towards circulatory support.
- Technological advancements continue to refine ECMO therapy.