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Masticatory function in patients with xerostomia

M Dusek1, J Simmons, P H Buschang

  • 1Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, USA.

Gerodontology
|July 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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Patients with xerostomia (dry mouth) have significantly impaired chewing ability and reduced muscle activity. This study highlights the impact of reduced salivary output on masticatory performance and food processing.

Area of Science:

  • Oral biology
  • Physiology
  • Biomedical engineering

Background:

  • Reduced salivary output, known as xerostomia, can affect oral functions.
  • The impact of xerostomia on masticatory performance has not been extensively studied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare masticatory performance and muscle activity in xerostomia patients versus healthy controls.
  • To investigate the relationship between salivary output and chewing efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Masticatory function was assessed using artificial food (CutterSil), chewing gum, and almond bolus.
  • Chewing motion was recorded using the Optotrak computer system.
  • Bilateral masseter and anterior temporalis muscle activity was measured via surface electrodes.

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Main Results:

  • Xerostomia patients showed significantly reduced ability to break down artificial food.
  • Patients required more than double the number of chewing cycles to swallow almonds (P < 0.001).
  • Significantly lower activity was observed in the right masseter muscle of patients compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • Xerostomia patients exhibit a diminished capacity for food processing.
  • Reduced masticatory muscle activity likely contributes to the decline in chewing performance in individuals with dry mouth.