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Prolonged immunodepression after trauma and hemorrhagic shock
1Center for Surgical Research and the Department of Surgery, Brown University School of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence 02903, USA.
The Journal of Trauma
|March 14, 1998
Summary
Immune function in mice subjected to trauma and hemorrhage returns to normal by day 10. Combined trauma and hemorrhage causes more severe and prolonged immune depression than either insult alone.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Surgical Research
- Trauma Research
Background:
- Hemorrhage or trauma alone causes short-term immunosuppression in mice.
- The duration and specific immune cell function recovery after combined trauma-hemorrhage remain unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the time course of immune function recovery after trauma-hemorrhage.
- To investigate if lymphocyte and macrophage functions are similarly affected by trauma-hemorrhage.
Main Methods:
- Mice underwent sham operation, trauma, hemorrhagic shock, or trauma plus hemorrhage.
- Splenocytes, splenic macrophages, and peritoneal macrophages were analyzed at 7 and 10 days post-operation.
- Assays included cytokine release (TNF, IL-6, IL-2, IL-3) and splenocyte proliferation.
Main Results:
- Splenocyte proliferation and lymphokine release were reduced at 7 days but normalized by day 10 after trauma-hemorrhage.
- Splenic and peritoneal macrophage cytokine release also normalized by day 10.
- Plasma cytokine levels (TNF, IL-6) were undetectable in all groups at both time points.
Conclusions:
- Combined trauma and hemorrhage induce a more severe and prolonged immunodepression compared to single insults.
- Immune functions, including splenocyte and macrophage activity, recover by day 10 after combined trauma-hemorrhage.