Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 10, 2026

08:59
4D Imaging of Protein Aggregation in Live Cells
Published on: April 5, 2013
Protein aggregation: folding aggregates, inclusion bodies and amyloid
1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz 95064, USA. enzyme@cats.ucsc.edu
Folding & Design
|March 21, 1998
Summary
Protein aggregation, forming inclusion bodies and amyloid fibrils, is driven by partially folded intermediates. These aggregates primarily involve specific intermolecular interactions and beta sheets, impacting protein structure.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Structural Biology
Background:
- Protein aggregation is implicated in various diseases.
- Formation of inclusion bodies, amyloid fibrils, and folding aggregates is a key pathological feature.
- Understanding the mechanisms of protein aggregation is crucial for therapeutic development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of partially folded intermediates in protein aggregation.
- To elucidate the intermolecular interactions driving aggregate formation.
- To determine the structural features of protein aggregates.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of protein folding intermediates.
- Characterization of intermolecular interactions.
- Structural analysis of aggregates, including beta sheet content.
Main Results:
- Partially folded intermediates are identified as key precursors to aggregates.
- Specific intermolecular interactions are shown to be critical for aggregation.
- Most aggregates are found to contain beta sheet structures.
Conclusions:
- Partially folded intermediates are central to the process of protein aggregation.
- Protein aggregation is mediated by specific intermolecular forces and characterized by beta sheet formation.
- These findings provide insights into the molecular basis of diseases associated with protein aggregation.
Related Concept Videos
Protein Folding
Overview
Protein Folding
Overview
Amyloid Fibrils
Amyloid fibrils are aggregates of misfolded proteins. Under most circumstances, misfolded proteins are either refolded by chaperone proteins or degraded by the proteasome. However, in the case of a mutation or a disease, these proteins can accumulate to form large clusters and often further assemble to form elongated fibers, called fibrils.
Amyloid deposits were observed as early as 1639 in the liver and the spleen. In 1854, Rudolph Virchow performed iodine staining, normally used to...
Amyloid deposits were observed as early as 1639 in the liver and the spleen. In 1854, Rudolph Virchow performed iodine staining, normally used to...
Protein Folding
Proteins are chains of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. Upon synthesis, a protein folds into a three-dimensional conformation, critical to its biological function. Interactions between its constituent amino acids guide protein folding, and hence the protein structure is primarily dependent on its amino acid sequence.
Protein Structure Is Critical to Its Biological Function
Proteins perform a wide range of biological functions such as catalyzing chemical reactions, providing...
Protein Structure Is Critical to Its Biological Function
Proteins perform a wide range of biological functions such as catalyzing chemical reactions, providing...
Amyloid Fibrils
Amyloid fibrils are aggregates of misfolded proteins. Under most circumstances, misfolded proteins are either refolded by chaperone proteins or degraded by the proteasome. However, in the case of a mutation or a disease, these proteins can accumulate to form large clusters and often further assemble to form elongated fibers, called fibrils.
Amyloid deposits were observed as early as 1639 in the liver and the spleen. In 1854, Rudolph Virchow performed iodine staining, normally used to...
Amyloid deposits were observed as early as 1639 in the liver and the spleen. In 1854, Rudolph Virchow performed iodine staining, normally used to...
The Proteasome
Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important among these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
In this pathway, the target proteins are first tagged with small proteins called ubiquitin. This involves participation of a series of enzymes including— E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3 (ubiquitin...
In this pathway, the target proteins are first tagged with small proteins called ubiquitin. This involves participation of a series of enzymes including— E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3 (ubiquitin...

