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Related Concept Videos

Hearing01:31

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
Perception of Sound Waves01:01

Perception of Sound Waves

The human ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies in the audible range. It may perceive sound waves with the same pressure but different frequencies as having different loudness. Moreover, the perception of sound waves depends on the health of an individual's ears, which decays with age. The health of one's ears may also be affected by regular exposure to loud noises.
The pitch of a sound depends on the frequency and the pressure amplitude of the source. Two sounds of the same frequency...
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...
Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the cochlea, a...
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by identifying...

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A model of the perceptual asymmetry between peaks and troughs of frequency modulation.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2000
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Related Experiment Video

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A Lightweight, Headphones-based System for Manipulating Auditory Feedback in Songbirds
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Cancellation model of pitch perception

A de Cheveigné1

  • 1Laboratoire de Linguistique Formelle, CNRS/Université Paris 7, France.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|March 26, 1998
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a pitch perception model using inhibitory neurons. It identifies sound period via a minimum output lag, similar to autocorrelation models but with potential advantages in phase sensitivity and explaining complex pitch phenomena.

Area of Science:

  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Computational Auditory Neuroscience
  • Psychoacoustics

Background:

  • Pitch perception is a fundamental aspect of auditory processing.
  • Existing models like autocorrelation explain many pitch phenomena but have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present and validate a novel pitch perception model based on inhibitory neural networks.
  • To demonstrate the similarities and advantages of this cancellation model over existing autocorrelation models.

Main Methods:

  • A computational model utilizing delay lines and inhibitory gating neurons was developed.
  • The model's response to periodic sounds was analyzed to identify pitch cues.
  • Model predictions were compared against known pitch perception phenomena and the autocorrelation model.

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Main Results:

  • The model generates a minimum output at a lag corresponding to the sound's period, which serves as the pitch cue.
  • The cancellation model accounts for a wide range of pitch phenomena, mirroring the success of autocorrelation models.
  • The model exhibits greater phase sensitivity than autocorrelation, potentially explaining phenomena unexplained by the latter.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed inhibitory neural network model offers a viable alternative for understanding pitch perception.
  • This cancellation model shares explanatory power with autocorrelation models while offering potential advantages in phase sensitivity and generalization.
  • The model's features suggest implications for understanding harmonic cancellation and multiple pitch perception.