Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 19, 2026
07:47
Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage
Published on: February 15, 2013
Invasive pneumococcal disease in Dallas County, Texas: results from population-based surveillance in 1995
P Pastor1, F Medley, T V Murphy
1Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, USA.
Summary
Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) affected young children and older adults most in Dallas County. Risk factors included low income, black race, and penicillin-nonsusceptible strains, highlighting prevention needs.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Streptococcus pneumoniae causes invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD).
- Understanding IPD epidemiology is crucial for prevention and vaccine strategies.
- 1995 data provides a baseline for IPD incidence and risk factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the incidence and epidemiology of IPD in Dallas County, Texas.
- To identify sociodemographic and medical risk factors associated with IPD.
- To assess penicillin resistance patterns in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates.
Main Methods:
- Population-based surveillance in Dallas County, Texas, covering 1.9 million residents.
- Active case finding and medical record review for 432 IPD patients.
- Analysis of incidence rates, age-specific risks, and resistance to penicillin.
Main Results:
- Overall IPD incidence was 22 cases per 100,000 person-years.
- Highest incidence in children < 2 years (136/100,000) and adults ≥ 65 years (80/100,000).
- 20% of isolates were nonsusceptible to penicillin, with higher rates in youngest (28%) and oldest (22%) groups. Increased incidence linked to low income (42/100,000) and black race (39/100,000).
Conclusions:
- IPD disproportionately affects the very young and elderly.
- Low income, black race, and penicillin resistance are significant risk factors.
- Targeted prevention programs and vaccine use are essential for reducing IPD burden.
Related Concept Videos
01:30Pneumonia I: Introduction
Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
01:30Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment
Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:
01:30Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention
Nursing management of pneumonia involves promoting airway patency, facilitating rest and conserving energy, encouraging fluid intake, maintaining nutrition, and educating patients.
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed.
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed.
01:26Principles of Disease Surveillance
Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
01:14Atypical Pneumonia
Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...
01:29Pneumonia I: Introduction
Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...