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Which periodontal changes are associated with HIV infection?
1Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College, London, UK.
Journal of Clinical Periodontology
|May 30, 1998
Summary
Diagnostic criteria for HIV-associated periodontal diseases were evaluated. Gingival ulceration and specific red bands effectively predicted HIV infection, aiding in early detection and management of these oral health conditions.
Area of Science:
- Oral medicine
- Infectious diseases
- Periodontology
Background:
- HIV infection is associated with distinct periodontal conditions.
- Accurate diagnostic criteria are crucial for identifying these diseases and their link to HIV.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the diagnostic validity of existing criteria for HIV-associated periodontal diseases.
- To assess the ability of these criteria to predict HIV infection in men.
Main Methods:
- Post-hoc application of established diagnostic criteria to cross-sectional data on periodontal health in men with and without HIV.
- Comparison of the predictive ability of different criteria for HIV infection.
Main Results:
- Gingival or periodontal ulceration criteria showed significant predictive value for HIV infection.
- Criteria identifying erythema of the attached gingiva and interdental craters had high positive predictive values.
- Distinct gingival red bands were not predictive of HIV infection.
Conclusions:
- Erythema of the attached gingiva, necrotizing periodontal disease, and interdental craters are key indicators of HIV-associated periodontal disease.
- Epidemiological studies should include conventional gingivitis and lost periodontal attachment in assessments.
- Recording all five conditions at each site provides more comprehensive data than hierarchical diagnoses.