Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 12, 2026

The Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Model of Perinatal Ischemia
08:47

The Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Model of Perinatal Ischemia

Published on: November 19, 2008

[Hypoxic-ischemic coma in children. Factors related to the prognosis]

M A Frías Pérez1, J L Pérez Navero, I Ibarra de la Rosa

  • 1Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Facultad de Medicina, Córdoba.

Anales Espanoles De Pediatria
|May 9, 1998
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric hypoxic-ischemic coma has high mortality and morbidity. Clinical factors and tests help predict outcomes, but no single indicator guarantees certainty for children in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric critical care medicine
  • Neurology
  • Neonatology

Background:

  • Hypoxic-ischemic coma (HIC) in children presents significant challenges in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs).
  • Understanding the etiology, clinical course, and prognostic indicators is crucial for managing these critically ill children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the causes, progression, and predictive value of clinical variables and diagnostic tests in children with HIC admitted to a PICU.
  • To identify factors influencing outcomes in pediatric patients experiencing hypoxic-ischemic events.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 24 children with HIC admitted to a pediatric ICU between 1991 and 1996.
  • Collection and comparison of clinical data, electroencephalograms (EEGs), and neuroimaging findings based on patient outcomes and pathophysiology.

Main Results:

  • Non-reactive pupils, neurohypophyseal disorders, and isoelectric EEGs were associated with mortality.
  • Glasgow Coma Scale scores of 3-4, positive neuroimaging, and seizures correlated with poorer outcomes but lacked statistical significance.
  • Associated medical problems were more frequent in patients with negative outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Hypoxic-ischemic coma in children is associated with high mortality and morbidity.
  • Prognosis relies on a combination of clinical findings and complementary investigations.
  • No single factor can definitively predict the outcome for individual pediatric patients.
Abstract

More Related Videos

Continuous Video Electroencephalogram during Hypoxia-Ischemia in Neonatal Mice09:29

Continuous Video Electroencephalogram during Hypoxia-Ischemia in Neonatal Mice

Published on: June 11, 2020

Cerebral Ischemic Coma Model Induced by Modified Four-Vessel Occlusion03:37

Cerebral Ischemic Coma Model Induced by Modified Four-Vessel Occlusion

Published on: July 5, 2024

Related Concept Videos

Hypoxia01:23

Hypoxia

Hypoxia is a medical condition characterized by an inadequate oxygen supply to body tissues. It typically manifests as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosae, especially in fair-skinned individuals, when hemoglobin (Hb) saturation drops below 75%.
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...
Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
Acute Respiratory Failure-III01:30

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without causing...
Acute Respiratory Failure-IV01:23

Acute Respiratory Failure-IV

Respiratory failure can manifest suddenly or gradually, characterized by a rapid decline in PaO2 and a rapid rise in PaCO2. This situation indicates a severe respiratory problem that may quickly become a life-threatening emergency. One of the early signs of hypoxemic Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) is a change in mental status due to the brain's sensitivity to oxygen levels and changes in acid-base balance. Symptoms such as restlessness, confusion, and agitation suggest inadequate oxygen...
Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
Cytotoxic Edema: Pathophysiology01:21

Cytotoxic Edema: Pathophysiology

Cytotoxic edema is a form of cerebral edema characterized by intracellular swelling of neurons, astrocytes, and other glial cells. It develops when the mechanisms responsible for maintaining ionic gradients across the cell membrane become impaired. Under normal physiological conditions, the sodium–potassium ATPase actively transports sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, preserving osmotic balance and enabling electrical signaling. This pump requires a continuous supply...