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Inner ear decompression sickness

J C Farmer, W G Thomas, D G Youngblood

    The Laryngoscope
    |September 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Divers experiencing inner ear injuries like hearing loss and vertigo after deep dives, especially those switching to air during decompression, benefit significantly from prompt recompression. Early treatment is key to preventing lasting damage from diving-related otologic decompression sickness.

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    Area of Science:

    • Otolaryngology
    • Diving Medicine
    • Hyperbaric Medicine

    Background:

    • Inner ear injuries are increasingly reported in commercial, military, and sport diving.
    • These injuries can occur during various diving phases: compression, deep saturation, noise exposure, and decompression.
    • The underlying pathophysiology varies based on the diving phase.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present cases of inner ear injuries occurring during or after decompression.
    • To investigate the correlation between recompression treatment and symptom resolution.
    • To outline recommended management strategies for otologic decompression sickness.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective case series analysis of 23 divers with hearing loss, tinnitus, or vertigo.
    • Focus on cases involving helium-oxygen (heliox) dives with a switch to air during decompression.

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  • Evaluation of treatment outcomes based on recompression protocols and medication use.

    • Main Results:

    • Thirteen of the 23 cases involved heliox dives with a late-stage air switch.
    • A significant correlation was observed between prompt recompression and symptom relief.
    • Prompt recompression treatment led to a lack of residual deficits in affected divers.

    Conclusions:

    • Prompt recompression is crucial for managing otologic decompression sickness.
    • Specific protocols, including using heliox mixtures and diazepam, are recommended.
    • Divers with permanent inner ear injuries should avoid further diving.