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Abstract:
Zanamivir is the first of a new class of selective influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors. It inhibits both influenza A and influenza B virus replication in vitro. In the ferret model of influenza, zanamivir reduced viral replication and diminished pyrexia associated with the infection. Repeated passage of influenza virus in the presence of zanamivir could produce resistance in vitro. However, there have been no changes in sensitivity to zanamivir in any influenza virus isolates from patients receiving zanamivir in clinical trials. In experimental infection in humans, in which the virus replicates only in the nasal passages, intranasal zanamivir (3.6 to 16 mg) prevented infection with influenza virus. A combination of inhaled (10 mg) and intranasal (6.4 mg) zanamivir for 14 days was effective in preventing influenza in a nursing home setting during an influenza A virus outbreak. Inhaled zanamivir (10 mg) with or without intranasal zanamivir (6.4 mg) reduced the time to alleviation of influenza symptoms compared with placebo in patients with confirmed infection.
Insights
Zanamivir, a neuraminidase inhibitor, effectively combats influenza A and B. Clinical trials show it prevents infection and alleviates symptoms without resistance development in patients.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Pharmacology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Zanamivir represents a novel class of selective influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors.
- It demonstrates in vitro inhibition of both influenza A and B virus replication.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the efficacy of zanamivir in preventing and treating influenza.
- To assess the development of viral resistance to zanamivir.
Main Methods:
- In vitro studies assessing viral replication inhibition.
- Ferret model studies for viral replication and pyrexia.
- Clinical trials involving inhaled and intranasal zanamivir administration.
- Human experimental intranasal infection models.
Main Results:
- Zanamivir reduced viral replication and fever in the ferret model.
- No evidence of zanamivir resistance emerged in clinical isolates.
- Intranasal zanamivir prevented influenza infection in humans.
- Combined inhaled and intranasal zanamivir prevented influenza outbreaks in a nursing home.
- Inhaled zanamivir shortened symptom duration in confirmed influenza cases.
Conclusions:
- Zanamivir is effective in preventing and treating influenza.
- The drug shows a low propensity for resistance development in clinical settings.
- Zanamivir offers a viable therapeutic option for influenza management.