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[Infant mortality in Chile: the great descent]

E Taucher1, I Jofré

  • 1INTA Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.

Revista Medica De Chile
|June 3, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Chile experienced a dramatic decrease in infant mortality, falling from 120 to 12 deaths per 1,000 live births. This significant public health achievement resulted from demographic shifts and improved healthcare interventions.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Demography
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Chile observed a substantial decline in infant mortality rates between 1960 and 1994.
  • This period, termed the "great descent," saw rates fall from 120 to 12 per 1,000 live births.
  • Understanding the drivers of this decline is crucial for global child survival strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the key factors contributing to the significant reduction in infant mortality in Chile.
  • To analyze the impact of demographic, socioeconomic, and healthcare changes on infant mortality trends.
  • To investigate causes of death and mortality differentials across various risk groups.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing research and updated data on infant mortality in Chile.
  • Analysis of demographic and socioeconomic changes, including fertility decline.
  • Comparison of neonatal and postneonatal mortality rates by cause between 1980 and 1994.
  • Examination of mortality differentials based on maternal age, birth order, gestational age, residence, and maternal education.

Main Results:

  • Fertility decline, initiated in the mid-1960s, contributed an estimated 30% to infant mortality reduction between 1972 and 1982.
  • Infant mortality continued to decrease despite economic crises in 1975 and 1982.
  • Analysis revealed specific causes of death for neonatal and postneonatal periods and identified high-risk groups for infant mortality.

Conclusions:

  • The "great descent" in Chilean infant mortality was driven by a combination of factors, including reduced high-risk births and healthcare improvements.
  • Socioeconomic and demographic transitions played a significant role in improving child survival.
  • Understanding mortality differentials is vital for targeted public health interventions to further reduce infant deaths.

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