Age-related changes in the human laryngeal glands

The present study was conducted to determine age-related changes in the human laryngeal glands by means of excised human adult larynges. Scanning and transmission electron microscopic observations were made. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1) Granular endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus were sparse in the cytoplasm of serous and mucous cells. 2) Secretory granules in serous cells had decreased in number. 3) Secretory granules were less electron-dense compared to those in younger adult specimens, but were electron-lucent. 4) Mucigen droplets in mucous cells were not as numerous as those in younger adults. 5) Discharge of secretory granules and mucigen droplets had decreased. 6) Age-related morphologic changes in the laryngeal glands influenced not only the amount but also the quality of secretions. 7) The above changes lessened lubrication of the vocal folds, thus causing aging of the voice to some extent. 8) Local immunity and mucociliary transport were also affected. 9) Age-related changes in the laryngeal glands partially altered laryngeal function.