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[Dengue in Panama, 1993]

E Quiroz1, M Ortega, M G Guzmán

  • 1Centro Conmemorativo Gorgas, Panama.

Revista Cubana De Medicina Tropical
|January 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Despite a dengue surveillance program, Panama experienced its first explosive dengue outbreak in 1993 due to limited community participation. This highlights the need for active community involvement to control dengue virus transmission.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Panama historically lacked explosive dengue epidemics despite Aedes aegypti presence since 1985.
  • Autochthonous dengue virus transmission was detected in Panama prior to 1993 without widespread outbreaks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the characteristics of the first explosive dengue outbreak in Panama, reported in November 1993.
  • To investigate the factors contributing to the dengue epidemic despite existing surveillance and control programs.

Main Methods:

  • Case investigation and clinical classification of dengue fever.
  • Isolation of dengue virus serotype 2 from patients.
  • Serological testing for IgM and IgG antibodies to dengue.
  • Seroepidemiological survey in affected and surrounding areas.

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Main Results:

  • The outbreak involved 14 confirmed dengue fever cases in Panama City, primarily in the San Miguelito district.
  • Dengue type 2 virus was isolated, and serological tests indicated both primary and secondary dengue infections.
  • A seroepidemiological survey 5 months later revealed a 5.7% dengue antibody prevalence, geographically limited to the Santa Librada sector.

Conclusions:

  • The 1993 dengue outbreak in Panama, despite surveillance, underscores the critical role of community participation in disease control.
  • Limited community engagement was a key factor in the epidemic's emergence and spread.
  • The outbreak was geographically contained, suggesting localized factors influenced its extent.