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Cell migration: regulation of force on extracellular-matrix-integrin complexes
M P Sheetz1, D P Felsenfeld, C G Galbraith
1Dept of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. m.sheetz@cellbio.duke.edu
Trends in Cell Biology
|August 8, 1998
Summary
Cell migration depends on forces cells exert on the extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM rigidity influences cell motility by strengthening integrin-cytoskeleton attachments, enabling cells to move forward.
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Biophysics
Background:
- Cell migration is a fundamental biological process.
- Cellular forces are critical for cell migration.
- Integrins mediate cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present a working model for how cells generate and regulate forces for migration.
- To elucidate the role of ECM rigidity in cell motility.
Main Methods:
- The study proposes a theoretical model based on recent experimental findings.
- The model integrates concepts of cytoskeletal dynamics, integrin-ECM interactions, and force generation.
Main Results:
- ECM binding to integrins at the lamellipodium front connects to the cytoskeleton.
- ECM rigidity strengthens these front attachments, allowing cells to pull forward.
- Reduced rear contact area concentrates traction forces, facilitating bond release.
Conclusions:
- Cellular force generation and regulation are key to migration.
- ECM rigidity is a significant factor influencing cell pathfinding and motility.
- The proposed model provides a framework for understanding cell migration mechanics.