Teratogenic hearing loss: a clinical perspective

Area of Science:

• Otolaryngology
• Pediatrics
• Environmental Health

Background:

• Neonates are at risk for hearing loss, with environmental teratogens being significant contributing factors.
• The Joint Committee on Infant Hearing has identified key indicators for neonatal hearing loss risk.
• Environmental teratogens can adversely affect the developing auditory system.

Purpose of the Study:

• To revisit and update the understanding of environmental teratogens impacting infant hearing.
• To discuss clinical presentations, diagnostic findings, and treatment options for teratogen-induced hearing impairment.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive Medline literature search was conducted.
• The search covered the latter half of the 20th century.
• Literature reviewed focused on infectious, chemical, physical, and maternal teratogens affecting hearing.

Main Results:

• Environmental teratogens are identified as critical risk factors for neonatal hearing loss.
• Clinical, audiometric, electrophysiologic, and temporal bone findings associated with teratogenic exposure are presented.
• Available treatment options for hearing impairment resulting from teratogenic exposure are discussed.

Conclusions:

• Preventing and recognizing environmental teratogenic exposure is vital for reducing childhood hearing loss.
• Early intervention and longitudinal follow-up are essential for managing affected infants.