Second-stage positioning in nurse-midwifery practices. Part 2: Factors affecting use

This, the second of a two-part article, describes the findings of a national survey of practicing certified nurse-midwives (CNMs) regarding factors that affect the use of eight second-stage maternal positions. Lower CNM self-reported autonomy scores were associated with the use of the lithotomy and dorsal supine positions; maternal preference and higher CNM self-reported autonomy scores were associated with the use of the nonlithotomy positions. The use of nonlithotomy positions is one nontechnologic way to enhance the normal process of birth.