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[Increase in tetracycline activity by using surface-active substances]

E P Anan'eva, G E Afinogenov, N P Elinov

    Antibiotiki
    |July 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary

    Cationic surfactants like catamine AB enhance tetracycline effectiveness against gram-negative bacteria by increasing antibiotic absorption. Anionic compounds showed no such synergistic antimicrobial effect.

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    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Pharmacology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Surface-active substances possess antimicrobial properties.
    • The interaction between surfactants and antibiotics can modulate drug efficacy.
    • Gram-negative bacteria present challenges in antimicrobial therapy.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the in vitro antimicrobial effects of cationic (catamine AB) and anionic (sulphonol NP-3) surface-active substances on gram-negative bacteria.
    • To determine if these surfactants can enhance the efficacy of tetracycline antibiotics.
    • To elucidate the mechanism behind any observed synergistic effects.

    Main Methods:

    • In vitro study design.
    • Testing of cationic (catamine AB) and anionic (sulphonol NP-3) surfactants.
    • Evaluation of effects on gram-negative bacteria.
    • Assessment of tetracycline efficacy in combination with surfactants.
    • Measurement of 14C-oxytetracycline absorption to study antibiotic uptake.

    Main Results:

    • Catamine AB, at non-bactericidal concentrations, significantly increased the efficacy of tetracyclines against gram-negative bacteria.
    • Sulphonol NP-3 did not exhibit a similar synergistic effect on tetracycline efficacy.
    • Increased tetracycline absorption was observed in gram-negative bacteria treated with catamine AB, and in staphylococci treated with either catamine AB or sulphonol NP-3.
    • The enhanced antibiotic absorption was primarily attributed to impaired cell membrane permeability caused by the surface-active substances.

    Conclusions:

    • Cationic surfactants, specifically catamine AB, can potentiate the activity of tetracycline antibiotics against gram-negative bacteria.
    • The mechanism involves increased antibiotic absorption, likely due to alterations in bacterial cell membrane permeability induced by the surfactant.
    • Anionic surfactants like sulphonol NP-3 do not appear to offer similar benefits in enhancing tetracycline efficacy.

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