Cementless Roy-Camille femoral component

Area of Science:

• Orthopedic Surgery
• Biomaterials Engineering
• Medical Device Technology

Background:

• Cementless total hip replacement (THR) aims to achieve long-term fixation through bone ingrowth.
• Porous-coated femoral components are designed to facilitate osseointegration.
• Evaluating the long-term performance of specific implant designs is crucial for clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the clinical and radiographic outcomes of a complete, single-layered, porous-coated femoral component in primary cementless THR.
• To determine the incidence of loosening, osteolysis, and other complications.
• To evaluate bone ingrowth and stress shielding effects.

Main Methods:

• Prospective study of 80 patients undergoing primary cementless THR with a Roy-Camille type femoral component (1984-1987).
• Clinical and radiographic assessment of 72 patients (77 hips) with a minimum 5-year follow-up (mean 7.2 years).
• Evaluation included hip rating scores, incidence of thigh pain, osteolysis, cortical thinning, and component failure.

Main Results:

• A low loosening rate (6/77 components) was observed, with reoperations for aseptic (4 hips) and septic (2 hips) loosening.
• Significant cortical thinning was noted proximally and in the middle regions of the femur.
• Bone ingrowth into the porous coating was found in most cases, with a lower stress shielding effect compared to multi-layered designs.

Conclusions:

• The complete, single-layered, porous-coated femoral stem demonstrated a low loosening rate and successful bone ingrowth in cementless THR over a 5-year follow-up.
• The implant design showed potential for reduced stress shielding.
• Further long-term studies are warranted to fully elucidate the durability and efficacy of this specific implant design.