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Tropical myeloneuropathies revisited

G Román1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas, San Antonio, USA. roman@uthsesa.edu

Current Opinion in Neurology
|December 16, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Neurological syndromes in tropical regions present unique challenges. Nutritional deficiencies and infectious agents are key factors, impacting diverse patient populations globally.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Tropical Medicine
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • A specific neurological syndrome affecting young Black women in the French West Indies, characterized by optic neuritis and endocrine issues, remains of unknown etiology.
  • Possible links to Devic's disease, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and Annona muricata tea neurotoxicity have been suggested.
  • The abstract also reviews major neuropathy epidemics, including a 1991-1994 Cuban epidemic primarily caused by nutritional factors, and a similar outbreak in Tanzania.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical features and etiologic studies of significant neurological epidemics.
  • To highlight the contribution of tropical regions to understanding diverse neuropathies and myopathies.
  • To explore potential etiologies for poorly understood neurological syndromes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of neurological syndromes and epidemics in tropical regions.
  • Analysis of clinical features and etiological factors from reported cases and epidemics.
  • Discussion of infectious agents and nutritional deficiencies implicated in neuropathies.

Main Results:

  • The Cuban epidemic (1991-1994) was primarily attributed to nutritional causes.
  • Infectious causes reviewed include leprosy, tuberculosis, hemorrhagic fevers (Ebola, Marburg, Lassa), human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I, and Lyme disease.
  • Post-immunization neuropathies were also noted.

Conclusions:

  • Tropical regions present unique neurological conditions that can offer insights into common disorders.
  • Nutritional deficiencies and infectious diseases are significant contributors to neurological epidemics.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the etiology of syndromes like the one observed in the French West Indies.

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