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Optimizing drug therapy based on genetic differences: implications for the clinical setting

D R Prows1, C A Prows

  • 1University of Cincinnati Medical College, Department of Environmental Health, Ohio, USA.

AACN Clinical Issues
|December 18, 1998
PubMed
Summary
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Genetic variations significantly impact how individuals respond to medications, influencing drug efficacy and safety. Understanding these genetic differences allows for personalized medicine, optimizing treatment through genotype-guided drug selection.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacogenomics
  • Clinical Genetics
  • Drug Metabolism

Background:

  • Genetic alterations can significantly alter enzyme function, impacting drug metabolism.
  • These alterations lead to either drug accumulation (adverse reactions) or rapid elimination (subtherapeutic response).
  • Variations affect responses to cardiovascular, anti-infective, chemotherapeutic, psychiatric, and analgesic drugs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the impact of genetic variations on drug response.
  • To emphasize the potential for genotype-guided drug therapy optimization.
  • To inform advanced practice nurses about the role of genetic testing in acute care.

Main Methods:

  • Review of identified gene mutations and polymorphisms affecting drug response.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of enzymatic inhibition and acceleration due to genetic variations.
  • Discussion of clinical implications for various drug classes.

    • Main Results:

    • Gene alterations demonstrably cause adverse or subtherapeutic drug responses.
    • Personalized drug therapy based on genotype offers an alternative to trial-and-error.
    • Numerous genetic variations influencing common medications have been identified.

    Conclusions:

    • Genotype-guided drug selection and dosing can optimize therapeutic outcomes.
    • Advanced practice nurses will play a key role in ordering and interpreting genetic tests.
    • Knowledge of genetic testing's benefits, limitations, and risks is crucial for nurses.