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Changes in the concentrations of trace elements in human milk during lactation
M Krachler1, F S Li, E Rossipal
1Institute for Analytical Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Austria.
Summary
This study measured 18 trace elements in human milk, finding essential elements like copper and zinc decrease during lactation. Infant intake of most essential trace elements was below recommendations, except for selenium.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Health
- Human Nutrition
- Analytical Chemistry
Background:
- Human milk composition varies during lactation.
- Trace element levels are crucial for infant development.
- Accurate quantification of trace elements in human milk is essential.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantify 18 trace elements in human milk samples.
- To investigate changes in trace element concentrations during lactation.
- To compare infant trace element intake with dietary recommendations.
Main Methods:
- Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for 18 trace elements.
- Hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS) for selenium.
- Analysis of milk powder reference materials for accuracy and precision.
Main Results:
- First reported concentrations for Be, Bi, Cs, La, Rb, and Tl in human milk.
- Essential trace elements (Cu, Mn, Mo, Se, Zn) decreased significantly during lactation.
- Cobalt concentrations increased significantly, while tin was below detection limits.
Conclusions:
- Lactation significantly alters essential trace element concentrations in human milk.
- Infant daily intake of essential trace elements (except Se) is below recommendations.
- Accurate analytical methods are vital for monitoring human milk composition.